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What are the types of industrial ceramics (detailed classification)
1. Oxide ceramics: alumina, zirconia, magnesia, calcium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, yttrium oxide, titanium oxide, thorium oxide, uranium oxide, etc.
Types of Industrial Ceramics
1. Oxide ceramics: alumina, zirconia, magnesia, calcium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, yttrium oxide, titanium oxide, thorium oxide, uranium oxide, etc.
2. Nitride ceramics: silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, uranium nitride, etc.
3. Carbide ceramics: silicon carbide, boron carbide, uranium carbide, etc.
4. Boride ceramics: zirconium boride, lanthanum boride, etc.
, Silicide ceramics: molybdenum silicide, etc.
6. Fluoride ceramics: magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride, etc.
7. Sulfide ceramics: zinc sulfide, cerium sulfide, etc. There are also arsenide ceramics, selenide ceramics, telluride ceramics, etc.
1) Ordinary ceramics
Ordinary ceramics refers to clay-based ceramics, which are fired from clay, feldspar, and quartz. Its performance depends on the purity, particle size and proportion of the three raw materials. Generally, the texture is hard, corrosion-resistant, non-oxidizing, non-conductive, able to withstand a certain high temperature and has good formability. Application: Industrial ordinary ceramics are mainly used for electrical porcelain for insulation, chemical porcelain with high acid and alkali requirements, and porcelain for structural parts with low bearing requirements, such as insulators, corrosion-resistant containers, pipes and decorative porcelain in daily life. , tableware, etc.
2) Alumina ceramics The ceramics are ceramics with AL2O3 as the main component (the mass fraction of AL2O3 is > 45%). According to the difference of the main crystal phase in the porcelain blank, it can be divided into corundum porcelain, corundum-mullite porcelain and molybdenum porcelain. It can also be divided into 75 porcelain, 95 porcelain and 99 porcelain according to the mass fraction of AL2O3. Application: Alumina porcelain has high melting point, high hardness, high strength, and good chemical resistance and dielectric properties. However, it is brittle, has poor impact resistance and thermal shock resistance, and cannot withstand drastic changes in ambient temperature. It can be used to manufacture furnace tubes, furnace linings, and spark plugs of internal combustion engines for high-temperature furnaces. It can also be used to manufacture high-hardness cutting tools.
3) Silicon carbide ceramics Silicon carbide ceramics are characterized by high high temperature strength, high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance and creep resistance. They are often used for high-temperature sintering in the fields of national defense and aerospace. Materials, that is, high-temperature parts such as nozzles for the manufacture of rocket tail nozzles, nozzles for pouring metal, thermowells, and furnace tubes. Application: Due to its high thermal conductivity, it can also be used to manufacture high-temperature strength parts such as blades and bearings of gas turbines, as well as materials for high-temperature heat exchangers and encapsulation materials for nuclear fuel.
4) Lithium oxide ceramics The main crystalline phases of lithium oxide ceramic products are eucryptite (Li2O·Al2O3·2SiO2) and spodumene (Li2O·Al2O3·4SiO2), which are characterized by a low thermal expansion coefficient (in the range of 100~1000℃, it is -0.03×10/℃~4.08×10/℃), good thermal shock resistance. Li2O is an out-of-network oxide, which has the effect of strengthening the glass network and can effectively improve the chemical stability of the glass.
Ceramic products used in various industries. It is divided into the following 6 aspects:
(1), construction: such as, drainage pipes, face bricks, exterior wall bricks;
(2), acid-resistant bricks, ash, etc. used in various chemical industries and enamel reaction pots;
(3), for chemical laboratories;
(4) Electric porcelain: used for insulators on high and low voltage transmission lines in the power industry. Bushings for motors, insulators for pillars, insulators for low-voltage electrical appliances and lighting, as well as insulators for telecommunications, insulators for radio, etc.;
(5) Refractory materials: refractory materials used in various high temperature industrial kilns;
(6) Special ceramics: special ceramic products used in various modern industries and science and technology, including high-alumina oxy-porcelain, magnesia-based ceramics, titanium-magnesium-based ceramics, zircon-based ceramics, lithium-based ceramics, and Magnetic porcelain, metal ceramics, etc.
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